Friday, January 28, 2022

My Visit to Pichavaram in Tamil Nadu

 

My visit to Pichavaram in Tamil Nadu

I  had been to Chidambaram several times in my childhood visiting my maternal grandparents and uncle during the summer holidays but never had a chance to visit this beautiful wetland Pichavaram located just 14 km away.

It was only in August 2019, when I went to Mahabalipuram from Mumbai for a friend’s sons wedding, I could visit this beautiful huge water body in South India.

One of our family friends, Jaisri (Kalyani) who came with us for the wedding said she wanted to fulfil her childhood dream of visiting Pichavaram. She said her parents did not send her when her school in Chennai had arranged an excursion trip to Pichavaram. To fulfil her dream, her husband planned to take her and we also joined them.

Pichavaram is a village near Chidambaram in Cuddalore district and around 240 km from Chennai. Pichavaram is an estuarine mangrove situated at the confluence of Uppanar, a tributary of the Coleroon river. Aquaculture ponds, fishing villages and also agricultural croplands surrounded the area.


Mangroves are the climate change resilience component for coastal areas. It protects the land from ocean surges and seawater intrusion. Cities like Mumbai and Chennai are rapidly expanding and urbanising, destroying mangrove vegetation and giving way to environmental degradation. If a tsunami strikes once more the Indian coasts, it is very difficult to save these cities as the mangroves are not there to protect them.

Although in Mumbai, we had huge mangrove vegetation even till the 1990s, environmentalists could not do much to save the estuary and mangrove vegetation in the city. The builders lobby was very strong. 

After seeing Pichavaram, I wondered how Mumbai missed an opportunity to save such huge mangrove vegetation and wetland to promote eco-tourism!

On August 25, 2019, we went to Pondicherry from Mahabalipuram and on August 27 morning we went to Chidambaram Nataraja temple on the way back to Pondicherry, went took a diversion to the Pichavaram village to visit one of the country's largest best-developed wetland and Mangrove vegetation.

We could have spent more time at Pichavaram, a typical swamp, extending between Vellar and Coleroon estuaries, if we had only planned a proper trip from Mumbai. Unfortunately, we had to rush back since we had to catch a flight the following day from Chennai.

We took a motorboat (there were non-motorised boats also) to move around the estuary and witnessed the vast wetlands of India only for an hour and a half covering a distance of just three kilometres as a normal tourist. Later, I came to know from an ornithologist friend that I and my friends missed hundreds of routes available for boating and birdwatching through that huge wetland.

Pichavaram mangrove forest is located between two prominent estuaries---the Vellar estuary in the north and the Coleroon estuary in the south. 

The Vellar-Coleroon estuarine complex forms the Killai backwater and Pichavaram mangroves. 
The backwaters are interconnected by Vellar and Coleroon river systems. The Pichavaram forest offers a rare sight ----the mangrove forest trees that are permanently rooted in a few feet of water. It is also a great place for a waterscape, backwater cruises and birdwatching.



According to the Indian Environment Ministry’s report, this wetland has 51 islets and the total area of the Vellar-Pichavaram-Coleroon estuarine complex is 2335.5 Hectares (Ha) of which 241 Ha is occupied by dense mangrove vegetation. Mangrove wetland occupied 1100 Ha while 1238.5 Ha occupied by barren high saline soil.



The biotope consists of species like Avicennia and Rhizophora, and a Ministry report on Pichavaram pointed out that Rhizpohora species is taller than other species. The salt marsh species like Anthrocnemum indicum, Salicornia brachiata, Suaeda maritima and Saueda monoica are present in core mangroves indicating the nature of soil as hypersaline.


                                 

                

It also supports the existence of rare varieties of economically important shellfishes and finfishes and forms a great food source for living beings in the Bay of Bengal.

The mangroves also attract migrant and local birds including egrets, herons, spoonbills, storks and pelicans. About 177 species of birds belonging to 15 orders and 41 families have been recorded.

A high population of birds could be seen from November to January, both migrants from foreign countries and local migrants from their breeding grounds across India due to the high availability of prey, said one of the wetland officers there. Unfortunately, we could spot only one bird.

 The availability of different habitat types such as channels, creeks, gullies, mudflats and sand flats and adjacent seashore in Pichavaram offers an ideal habitat for different species of birds and animals.

 I wish I could visit Pichavaram leisurely soon. 

 



Lalitha Vaidyanathan










Monday, January 3, 2022







A Visit to the Yellowstone Park in the USA



My father inculcated in me a fondness for reading books at a very young age. He introduced me to books on dinosaurs, plant fossils and volcanoes that captivated my young mind and, consequently, one of the places on my bucket list was Yellowstone Park in the USA.

Although I’ve visited the United States several times since 1990, it was finally in May 2018 that my dream was fulfilled. My husband and I booked our tickets to tour Yellowstone Park, as part of our itinerary to the US. We landed in Seattle in the first week of May to visit our son, and on May 26, we took a flight to Bozeman Yellowstone International Airport from Seattle.

 I had read much about this first national park of the world. Established in 1872, Yellowstone Park is located in the western United States, with its major part in Wyoming state, followed by Montana and Idaho. When visited the park, besides enjoying the varied flora and fauna, taking photographs of the park’s geothermal features like natural geysers, hot springs and waterfalls held a great charm for me.

As the small Alaska airlines aircraft was landing at Bozeman International airport in Montana, I took photographs of the picturesque snow-covered mountains, surrounding on all sides, so that I could share the mesmerising scenic beauty with all.







                                         Landing at Bozeman airport in Belgrade, Montana 

                                                     Landing at Bozeman on May26

Our tour operator welcomed us at the airport, from where we drove down to our hotel in West Yellowstone. The drive through the national highway, alongside the Madison River, was simply breathtaking.


Madison River on the way to Yellowstone West from Airport



We could actually feel the clean air in the lush surroundings, as we stopped on the way to take pictures,
 and one of them is of the Big sky Silver Peak in the pristine landscape. Big Sky Silver Peak is located
approximately midway between Bozeman West Yellowstone on US Highway 191.

 
           Took a diversion to see the Chapel and the Big sky Silver Peak





  The Big sky Silver Peak in the distant background



                                                  Closer look of the  Big Sky Silver Peak

An hour and forty-five minutes later, we reached the Stage Coach Inn hotel in Montana. After refreshing ourselves, we walked down to a nearby supermarket for some ready-to-eat foodstuffs, because we wanted to retire early as we had to get up early the next day for the tour.





We also visited some of the souvenir shops around the hotel





                                                                


The Dream Tour

To tour the nearly 9065 square km (3,500 square miles) Yellowstone National Park, located atop a volcanic hotspot, we began first with a day-long tour of the park’s Lower loop, entering by bus on May 27. 

Yellowstone Park tour area is divided into Lower and Upper Loops and they both meet in the middle looking like the shape of eight on the map. Although three days were not enough to cover the entire Park, touring on these two loops gave us a beautiful experience of this natural volcanic hotspot. Those who are young and energetic can be on their own and can spend more than ten days exploring various aspects of the Park and also enjoy skiing, rafting and others

The lower loop is slightly shorter than the Upper loop and is about 155 km. We visited Firehole Canyon, Fountain Paint Pot, Old Faithful Geyser, Old Faithful Inn, Yellowstone Lake and Lake Hotel, Mud Volcano, the Hayden Valley, Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone and Gibbon Falls. We saw some wildlife species like bison, bears and elks. 

The most enjoyed part of our lower loop trip was the thermal Geyser park--- Fountain Paint Pot and enjoy some of the pictures we took





It was a sight to behold rocky flats dotted with plumes of mysterious steam to bubbling mud pots and geothermal pools in varied shades, from startling aquamarine to golden red.


















This is perhaps a unique feature of Yellowstone Park that contains the largest concentration of geysers in the world, with approximately 10,000 active geothermal features.


                                                
 Red Spout Fountain

Red Spout Fountain in action 













                                             Thriving and dead vegetation in the Thermal park

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Clepsydra Geyser


I am sure you all enjoyed the Thermal park Fountain Paint Pot tour with me. 

After finishing Fountain Paint Pot, our next stop was Old Faithful Geyser sight as our guide told us that the geyser would become active soon. Old faith geyser has naturally fixed timings and interestingly, the tour guides usually bring the tourists to witness at a given time.







                                         Old Faithful Inn, with a beautiful Wooden structure


                                                                      Our touring Bus
   
                                                         Old Faithful Geyser in action

 Our next stop was the beautiful and huge Yellowstone Lake surrounded by snowclad peaks. We also went to Lake Hotel to have a cup of tea before proceeding to the next spot. The lake is situated at 2357 metres above sea level and is roughly 32.2 km long and 22.5  km wide with a 227 km shoreline and a surface area of  342 sq km, according to a US government report.

Our tour guide said, the lake freezes in winter and begins thawing only in May and early June. Even during summertime, the water is so cold that the survival time is estimated to be 20 to 3o minutes. so swimming activity is not recommended.





                                            
Yellowstone Lake





                                                           Yellowstone  Lake Hotel


Then we stopped at Mud Volcano and Dragon's Mouth hot spring. Both Mud Volcano and Dragon's Mouth have reduced their major activity for the past few years we were told. However, we did see some activities in these two places. The Mud volcano was first discovered in the 19th century and the rumbling was heard half a mile away. It also shook the ground and flung mud onto the treetops, the guide said.



                                                                  The Mud Volcano

                                                               Mud Volcano in action


Dragon's Mouth is a hot spring located to the left of just down the broad walk from Mud Volcano. The hot spring boiled out of a deep cave. Gases and steam were released into the cave which created bubbles that explodes against the roof of the cave. It gave an impression of smoke billowing from the mouth of a dragon!

Dragon Mouth Hot Spring
                                                         
           
                                                      Grazing Bison in the  Lower loop 
                                                         

          Then we toured around the Grand Canyon of Yellowstone Park and Gibbon falls.


                                        Lower Falls in Grand Canyon of Yellow Stone from Artist Point




My husband and me standing in the background of Lower Yellowstone falls



On the following day, May 28, we took a day trip to the Upper loop of Yellow Stone Park that is mostly with snow-clad peaks, the Lamar Valley, known for its population of large animals, and the travertine terraces at Mammoth Hot Springs. The upper loop is a 229 km long circular track.

Our biggest attraction was Mammoth Hot Spring. We also got more than two hours to halt there to enjoy the place which was vastly different from other deep pools of water. Scientists say that over thousands of years, the hot mineral-rich water has bubbled up and formed layered pools and waterfalls.

It is a large Living Colour shimmering hot spring and billions of heat-loving micro-organisms--thermophiles thrive here. We had an opportunity to look at closely where these micro-organisms are living and prospering amid gases and heat that are lethal to humans.

Water and minerals have formed designs like terraces. They are steaming limestone terraces and grow daily. 


                           
                                   Standing in front of Palette Spring at Mammoth Hot Spring                      



                                 
We also saw a 37 feet tall Liberty Cap at Mammoth Hot Spring. It is a huge dormant hot spring cone.
It was created by a hot spring that was active in one location for a long time.

                        
                                              
                              Liberty Cap-a dormant Hot spring Cone at Mammoth Hot Spring



Then we went to the Albright Visitor Centre and Mammoth Hot Spring hotel for refreshment and
 to buy souvenirs.



    


Deer relaxing outside the Mammoth Hot spring Hotel 


A deer crossing the road outside Mammoth Hot spring Hotel


We were also taken around Norris Geyser Basin, Grand Canyon, Dunraven Pass, Obsidian cliff and Tower fall. We got down only at Mammoth Hot Springs and Lamar Valley. At one place we had to wait for more than 20 minutes to give way to Bison which were crossing the road.



                                        All the cars had to wait for the Bison to clear the way for us




We enjoyed the bus trip on the Upper loop and many places were covered with snow. Following are a few more pictures taken from the bus while touring the Upper loop.














On May 29,  the third day of our Yellowstone Park trip, we were left on our own and we visited the Discovery Park where orphaned wild bears, wolves are kept, a museum and other places outside the national park.

        

                                Two Grizzly bears in captivity at Discovery Park are playing in the water 






 On May 30, we returned to Seattle.  

                                           On the way back to Bozeman International airport


   Madison River at two different places on the highway way back to Bozeman airport 



My visit to Yellowstone Park was a dream come true! Other places on my bucket list include a visit to Ladakh and Sikkim in India.